Medical Science for Pathogenesis and Diagnosis- myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theMedical Science for Pathogenesis and Diagnosis. Answer: History In the given contextual analysis, 52-year-old Emma Smith had a continuous beginning of stomach torment and had been spewing discontinuously and unfit to endure oral liquids. She can't restrict the agony and it began in the correct lower quadrant in here and there structure. The midsection is unbending, delicate on palpation and seemed flushed, diaphoretic. On addressing, her agony scored 9/10 on torment scale, in any case, there was no torment during her last pee. She was somewhat disturbed, spewing and skin showed up warm to contact. Her crucial signs included heartbeat 120 and thready, low pulse 90/60, sinus tachycardia with steady torment in the stomach. The above condition might be an instance of an infected appendix as the agony started in the correct lower quadrant of the stomach (Shogilev et al., 2014). Temporary finding Intense an infected appendix might be a crisis condition that requires prompt consideration and the executives of the condition. The temporary finding is the brief analysis that should be possible with the best data accessible in that circumstance which further requires affirmation. The crisis care administration would assist with giving the consideration during Emmas move from home to emergency clinic. The quick life sparing consideration gave by the person on call would give oxygen organization, computerized outer defibrillator giving consideration least crisis administration, and balance out her condition before emergency vehicle show up and help her to the medical clinic . In differential conclusion, an infected appendix can be dubious for determination until the normal manifestations are searched for. The principle thought on a need premise is torment the board and checking of fundamental signs like stomach torment, ultrasound or CT examine) oxygen immersion levels, circulatory strain, beat rate and temperature (Ehrman Favot, 2017). Etiology The primary driver of a ruptured appendix is expected to appendiceal lumen that outcomes in impediment predominantly by lymphoid hyperplasia brought about by some outside body or worms. There is aggravation of addendum and this prompts duplication of microbes inside the organ and discharge arrangement. The block may prompt bacterial abundance, distension, ischemia and stomach aggravation. There is obstructing of index by stool or remote body that causes intense or incessant torment. Succinctly, there are two fundamental driver of a ruptured appendix: stomach disease that may have moved to reference section or a hard stool piece might be caught in index and microscopic organisms present in it might have tainted the informative supplement (Bowen, 2015). The study of disease transmission An infected appendix is one of the most widely recognized intense stomach crisis cases; in any case, the rate is low in the populace with 6.7% females and 8.6% guys. The lifetime chance is 12% among guys and 23% among females. This condition happens in individuals matured early youngsters and late 40s. This demonstrates male to female transcendence and is a worldwide infection. The commonness is balanced out in most Western nations and recommends that the occurrence is rising quickly. Among these, Europe has the most noteworthy frequency and rate in Australia is practically identical to Western Europe. The yearly death rate in Australia because of a ruptured appendix has diminished by 42.7%, in any case, the occurrence is heightening that is turning into a significant worldwide medical problem and weight of infection (Bhangu et al., 2015). Pathophysiology As the signs and side effects of Emmas wellbeing conditions, demonstrates to the chance of an infected appendix, the pathophysiology of reference section will be talked about. Because of the impediment in the lumen, it turns into a shut circle and turns out to be totally loaded up with mucus.This condition prompts intramural and intraluminal weight and distension. Movement of such condition drives the augmentation of occupant microbes in the reference section. A portion of the occupant microorganisms of informative supplement are Bacteroids fragilis and Escherichia coli(Flum, 2015).The explanation of Emmas regurgitating and horrendous torment is the distension of the lumen of the index. This condition causes reflex anorexia, heaving, mellow fever, sickness and extreme stomach torment. The weight of the lumen of index continues expanding and surpasses the venous weight prompting the apoplexy of little venules and various vessels. In any case, in this condition too the arterioles stays open and this makes the informative supplement clogged and engorged. Moreover, aggravation in this area prompts serosa of the reference section and prompts parietal peritoneum, prompting the correct lower quadrant torment in the mid-region district. At long last, the inhabitant microbes begin shaping discharge that break out of the perishing dividers makes the infection progressively confounded (Wolfe Hanneman, 2013). Evaluation There are a few instrument to survey an infected appendix in patients. As the patient seems to be, grumbling about the stable cut off agony in her lower right midsection and her mid-region is unbending, swollen and delicate. Thus, ultrasonography will be utilized to analyze the reason for tormenting. Ultrasonography is a simple and compelling route for essential analysis of the agony and if the procedure gives negative outcome, CT sweep can be utilized to analyze further. Appendixdoes notappear for the most part in the ultrasonography methodology. In any case, after the reference section gets swollen and begin tormenting, the ultrasonography test gives an away from of 7 to 9 mm of swollen structure in the lower right quadrant of mid-region. Consequently, it is a compelling instrument to analyze informative supplement, if the patient is experiencing the ailment (Kim et al., 2012). To distinguish the chance of a ruptured appendix, urinary 5-HIAA tests can be performed. The extent of HIAA in bloodincreases with the beginning of the infection and during the corruption of the informative supplement turns out to be low in sum. Subsequently, from the urinary 5-HIAA test, the degree of HIAA in Emmas body can be identified and a more clear image of ailment can be achieved(Kim et al., 2012). Treatment Early treatment of Emma ought to incorporate medications to deal with her torment and to bring down the wellbeing outcomes due the side effects. In the chance of informative supplement, the patient ought to be managed to crystalloid treatment. Emma is giving the indications of lack of hydration and she can't take any liquid inside her body thus crystalloid treatment will be compelling to manage her indications of parchedness and septicemia (Lacher et al., 2012). Sheshould be given analgesics (parenteral and antiemetic) to comfort her stomach torment. This will assist with quieting her condition and her pulse will improve (Lacher et al., 2012). Transport Transport of the patient to the medical clinic was minimal troublesome as she was experiencing extreme torment. A group of brisk activity group went with the ward young men in the rescue vehicle to move the patient from home to medical clinic and they do their temporary consideration strategies to quiet the patient in the emergency vehicle. References Bhangu, A., Sreide, K., Di Saverio, S., Assarsson, J. H., Drake, F. T. (2015). Intense a ruptured appendix: current comprehension of pathogenesis, determination, and management.The Lancet,386(10000), 1278-1287. Bowen, W. H. (2015).Appendicitis. Cambridge University Press. Ehrman, R. R., Favot, M. J. (2017). Can Abdominal Ultrasonography Be Used to Accurately Diagnose Acute Appendicitis?.Annals of Emergency Medicine,70(4), 583-584. Flum, D. R. (2015). Intense appendicitisappendectomy or the anti-toxins first strategy.New England Journal of Medicine,372(20), 1937-1943. Kim, K., Kim, Y. H., Kim, S. Y., Kim, S., Lee, Y. J., Kim, K. P., ... Melody, K. J. (2012). Low-portion stomach CT for assessing associated appendicitis.New England Journal with Medicine,366(17), 1596-1605. Lacher, M., Muensterer, O. J., Yannam, G. R., Aprahamian, C. J., Perger, L., Megison, M., ... Harmon, C. M. (2012). Plausibility of single-entry point pediatric endosurgery for treatment of a ruptured appendix in 415 children.Journal of Laparoendoscopic Advanced Surgical Techniques,22(6), 604-608. Shogilev, D. J., Duus, N., Odom, S. R., Shapiro, N. I. (2014). Diagnosing an infected appendix: proof based audit of the symptomatic methodology in 2014.Western Journal of Emergency Medicine,15(7), 859. Wolfe, J. M., Henneman, P. L. (2013). Intense appendicitis.women,1, 2.

Reform of Human Resource Department in Ontario Public Services Essay

Change of Human Resource Department in Ontario Public Services - Essay Example The report gives us a knowledge that the human asset the executives can help in molding the conduct of worker that is reliable with the organization’s explanation behind presence; reason, crucial vision. The focal point of this exploration was to move from conventional HR to vital HR. This move from customary to vital human asset was to guarantee the adaptability and advancement dependent on innovation. Another focal point of OPS was to concentrate on redistributing that should have been restricted distinctly for those branches of the association where the office needs inspired workers. Different offices in which the association exceeds expectations would be dealt with by the OPS. In this examination paper the significance of human asset will be decided by directing pertinent investigation dependent on Ontario open administrations. The examination depends on exceptional information and models that would assist with closing in regards to the advancement of human asset the execu tives in Ontario open administrations. 2. Writing REVIEW For an association to be effective and to react to the difficulties, the association must bear high enrollment cost. This enrollment would assist with achieving the vision and strategic seek after the authoritative greatness (Armstrong, 2009). For such reason the OPS has built up an arrangement to concentrate on re-appropriating which would assist the OPS with reducing its enlistment cost and give the association the best human asset accessible. This decrease in cost could be an open door for the OSP to utilize the capital in putting resources into different projects where the likelihood of return is more noteworthy than the others. As indicated by the Equity hypothesis, representatives search for a harmony between their info (difficult work, steadfastness, responsibility, determination,... This paper gives significant examination of human asset the executives in Ontario open administrations and diagrams the significance of human asset division in the OPS. The examination depends on cutting-edge information and models. The report gives us a knowledge that the human asset the executives can help in forming the conduct of worker that is reliable with the organization’s explanation behind presence; reason, crucial vision. The move from customary to vital human asset was made to guarantee the adaptability and advancement dependent on innovation. Another focal point of OPS was to concentrate on redistributing that should have been restricted uniquely for those branches of the association where the division needs roused representatives. Different offices in which the association exceeds expectations would be taken care of by the OPS. In this exposition the significance of human asset is decided by directing pertinent examination dependent on Ontario open administrations. It could be inferred that OPS was effective in the execution and change of HRM from conventional to vital human asset. The move from conventional to key HR is considered effective by presenting the innovation which diminished the endeavors and time utilization in the associations. Operations underlined on the nature of human asset instead of the amount of workers. Workers being the best asset of OPS, it had been given an exceptional spot in the open administrations. The workers are prepared and created to make skills that would be useful for the associations later on.

Effects of Bullying on a Child With Social Anxiety

Effects of Bullying on a Child With Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Work and School Print Effects of Bullying on a Child With Social Anxiety By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 06, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 06, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Getty / PeopleImages Bullying in school can be a particular problem for children with social anxiety. The first step to helping a bullied child is to learn about the effects of bullying. Perhaps you have seen a change in your childs behavior that has you worried and you might be wondering things such as the following: What are the immediate and long-term effects of bullying?Will bullying make your childs social anxiety worse?What can you do to help your child cope? How Common Is Bullying? Bullying has become an increasingly common occurrence in schools and playgrounds. Whether cyberbullying, harassment at school, or physical violence on the school bus, many children live in fear. About one in five children will be bullied from elementary through high school. If you have a socially anxious child, bullying may be even more prevalent. Bullies pick on children who have trouble defending themselves. Sometimes victims of bullying may even become bullies themselves. Signs of a Bullied Child How can you tell if your child with social anxiety is being bullied? Look for warning signs such as the following:   Change in a desire to go to schoolDamaged or lost belongingsSadness or anxietyPhysical ailmentsTrouble sleeping Hidden Bullying and Long-Term Effects Most children who are bullied do not tell anyone. In particular, older boys are less likely to report bullying. Pay attention to changes in your childs behavior and emotions so that you can pick up on bullying that is being hidden. The long-term effects of bullying on a child can include problems with self-esteem and anxiety. It is important to intervene early if you suspect that bullying is taking place. 13 Ways to Build Self-Esteem and Prevent Bullying Why Bullies Target Those With Social Anxiety Children who are socially anxious become targets of bullies for a number of reasons. Specifically, bullies tend to target children who exhibit the following: Have a few friends or spend a lot of time aloneLack assertivenessAppear vulnerable and have low self-esteemHave poor social skills or problems developing friendships Children who have few friends are unable to defend themselves and those with low feelings of self-worth may not stand up for themselves. Why Certain Kids Are Bullied More Than Others Bullying Makes Social Anxiety Worse Some studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of bullying using rodents such as mice or rats. Though this might sound strange, rodents are believed to have similar stress responses as humans, so this type of research is meaningful. In one study, mice were exposed to a mouse bully over the course of 10 days and changes in the brain of the stressed mice were examined. Results indicated that the hormone vasopressin was activated, which led to an increase in brain receptors sensitive to social stimuli. After the stress, the bullied mice stayed away from all other mice, even friendly ones. This shows that humans may have the same reaction: chronic bullying may elevate stress hormones that could cause a reduction in social behavior. In a second study, rats were subjected to social stress but were either housed with another rat or alone before and after the stress. Findings showed that the stressed rats who had been paired with a friend before and after were more resilient and better able to recover. This research suggests that having even just one friend may have a protective effect for your child to withstand bullying. In a related study with humans, researchers found the following: bullying during adolescence leads to an increased risk of symptoms of social anxiety disorderboys with social anxiety are more likely to be bulliedreporting bullying can be extremely difficult for children with social anxiety How to Cope With Bullying While it may be tempting to take a bullying situation with your child into your own hands, there are steps you can take to help de-escalate the situation and protect your child.Be open to discussing the bullying and dont criticize how your child has handled the situation so far.Inform your childs teacher and principal about the bullying. Make sure that your child has an adult at school that he can tell if he is being bullied.Encourage your child to develop friendships at school. Identify safe places that she can go outside of school if she feels threatened, such as a block parents home.If there is not already a bullying prevention program in place at your childs school you may wish to make the suggestion. A Word From Verywell If you suspect that your child is being bullied, take the situation seriously. Children are embarrassed and ashamed to admit to being bullied, so your support is critical. Stay calm, talk to the school, and give your child skills to cope with the situation.

The Gilded Age By Mark Twain - 1300 Words

Diana Martinez Dr. John Farrell History 12 (Tues. and Thurs. 9:30am-10:45am) 19 November 2015 The Second Gilded Age The Gilded Age is a term that is commonly used to describe the time period in American history in which the government â€Å"...was very favorable to the wealthiest Americans.† (Globalyceum Student Course Page 842) This period was named by the famous American author Mark Twain. Twain named this era the â€Å"Gilded Age,† because on the surface America seemed to be wealthy, but in reality it was falling into corruption and greed and was not at all wealthy. The â€Å"Second† Gilded age occurs right after the Great Depression, to the present (1930’s – 2000’s.) Regardless of the title, the original Gilded Age provided more of a positive impact for the future of America. The second Gilded Age only brought the fall of an impactful time. During the era of the second Gilded Age, income inequality and wage decline were a huge problem which lead to the lack of social mobility, as well as increasing the gap between rich and poor at a fast rate. Through out the years, the gap between the poor and the rich has only increased. The wage percentage has decreased, while the productivity percentage has increased. During recent years, the wealthiest of the American population, also known as the top 20%, control over 80% of the American wealth, while the â€Å"poorest of the poor† barely control 5% of the wealth. An example of this income gap would be CEO of companies and theirShow MoreRelatedThe Gilded Age By Mark Twain1730 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gilded Age was a period from the late 1800s through the early 1900s. The name of this time period was given by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in their book The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today which expresses this time using two stories. One of a Tennessee family trying to sell undeveloped land and the other of two upper class businessmen. This book visits the highs and lows of living in this age. Those who are rich and plentiful, and those who are dirt poor. Showing the struggle peopl e wentRead MoreThe Gilded Age By Mark Twain1217 Words   |  5 PagesCoined the term the â€Å"Gilded Age, this time period of 1870-1900 was first referred to as this title by a book written by Mark Twain. In respect to the United States during this time, it refers to the overall appearance of the US to appear as if saturated in gold and opulence, otherwise known as a land of dreams. However, this was not the case because underneath this initial viewpoint, there was poverty and injustice that lined the streets of every urban city. Throughout this time period, many factorsRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s The Gilded Age1671 Words   |  7 Pagesviews in the United States. Good ideas came from good people, and their impressions and motivations were powerful, casting an image of wealth and awe-inspiring personality. It was what the famous writer Mark Twain called the Gilded Age for its magnificent impression yet troublesome mechanics. Mark Twain would be the one to know of the wonders and friction of ideas and people. His friend Nikola Tesla, the eccentric Serbian scientist, had major involvement in the peaks and troughs of this era. In factRead MoreThe Gilded Age By Mark Twain And Charles Warner2268 Words   |  10 PagesThe Gilded Age The Gilded Age was a great time in American history when industrialization was growing rapidly, and immigration to our country increased dramatically. Mark Twain and Charles Warner named this time of industrial prosperity the Gilded Age because the wealth of the fortunate masked the problems that the society faced. New inventions and corporations led to industrialization and immigration growing in our nation. 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Oedipus The Scapegoat or The Murderer - 1359 Words

In the Sophocles play, â€Å"Oedipus Rex,† discrepancy between whether Oedipus is the main culprit for murdering King Laius or if Oedipus has become the scapegoat for the cause of the city’s plague that took many lives. The murder of King Laius strikes the interest of many readers and therefore creating the discussion of who would be a culprit for the crime. One side of the argument shows the Greek Gods set a curse upon Oedipus making his destiny one of wrongful conviction for a murderous crime. On the argument’s opposing side the goddesses determine Oedipus’s fate will be to murder his own father unknowingly on his way to becoming King of Thebes. Also, a third argument can be made as to Oedipus did murder his father to save his family from a†¦show more content†¦Solving the riddle also becomes the key to the story since Oedipus ventures his way along the same pathway as the murders and meets the Sphinx. When Oedipus approaches the Sphinx he solve s the riddle and the Sphinx destroys herself making the situation quite a coincidence due to Oedipus’s fate of killing his own father made in prophecy at his own birth. All of these situations lead to Oedipus becoming the King of Thebes and making him very accusable upon the coincidental circumstances. On the flip side, Lauren Silberman’s journal, â€Å"God and Man in â€Å"Oedipus Rex†,† presents the argument that Oedipus’s destiny was to murder his father King Laius due to his son’s suffering at birth. Silberman makes a strong argument towards Oedipus’s destiny as, â€Å"There is more than simple dramatic irony in the contrast between Oedipus’ limited understanding of his situation and the full truth. What Oedipus understands as a simile-he fights for his father-is literally true because, contrary to what Oedipus asserts, Laius has not died without issue.† (Silberman 293) These facts were the creation of goddesses and they are the guarantors of Oedipus’s fate. Except Oedipus believes he needs to find the murderer and the idea becomes a huge consequence in the end of the play. The consequences include the suicide of Oedipus’s wife/mother Jocasta as she understands the fact he is the true killer of Laius before Oedipus figures out such disturbingShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King : A Classical Tragedy1272 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles’ Oedipus the King is a classical tragedy that derives its meaning through the experiences of its tragic hero, Oedipus. Throughout the play, the eminent characteristic of Oedipus is his ignorance of the truth that inevitably leads to his downfall. This ignorance of truth is a characteristic found within the Aristotelian definition of a tragedy. Tragedy, as defined by Aristotle in his Poetics, are imitations of actions and are not narrative. This means that tragedies are often demonstratedRead MoreOedipus The King Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesby the emotional discharging brought about by the suffering of a heroic figure. In Oedipus The King, by Sophocles, the agony of pain attacking the protagonist is a result of his tragic flaw. Sophocles often uses a characters hamartia to alter or influence the future or outcome of the hero, in this case, Oedipus. Oedipus hubris traps him into fulfilling the vision and intensifies his punishment. Oedipus pride is an inherited characteristic. Even before his glory and power as King of ThebesRead MoreEssay on The Pride of Sophocles Oedipus The King 1449 Words   |  6 PagesPride of Sophocles Oedipus The King      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Greek tragedy is characterized by the emotional catharsis brought about by the horrific suffering of a heroic figure. In Oedipus The King, by Sophocles, the onslaught of pain assailing the protagonist is a result of his tragic flaw. Sophocles often used a characters hamartia to alter or influence the outcome or future of the hero. Oedipus hubris traps him to fulfil the oracle and intensifies his punishment.    Oedipus pride is an innate characteristicRead MoreThe Iliad And The Odyssey1615 Words   |  7 PagesGreek literature a famous tragedy, is the play â€Å"Oedipus the King† by Sophocles, where the main character, Oedipus, is destined to lay with his mother and murder his father. Oedipus runs away from his fate and ends up turning full circle, completing the prophecy which he was blind to as the truth unraveled right in front of him. Since Oedipus was chosen to lead Thebes and find the murderer of his dad, King Laius, when he finds out that he is the murderer he gouges out his eyes and is banished from ThebesRead MoreOedipus As A Tragic Hero1506 Words   |  7 PagesIn Sophocles’ tragic drama, Oedipus displays heroic characteristics as well as those which hinder him. â€Å"There remains then the man who occupies the mean between saintliness and depravity. He is not extraordinary in virtue and righteousness and yet does not fall into fortune because of evil and wickedne ss† (Ahenkora et al, 2012, p. 12). This drama has influenced many great thinkers such as Freud. The downfall of a tragic hero consumes the audience with emotion. Oedipus exemplifies Aristotle’s definitionRead MoreThe Hubris of Oedipus in Oedipus the King Essay1865 Words   |  8 Pages(Miriam-Webster Dictionary) in Oedipus the King, by Sophocles, In Oedipus The King, by Sophocles, the onslaught of pain assailing the protagonist is a result of his tragic flaw. Sophocles often used a characters’ flaw to alter or influence the outcome or future of the hero. Oedipus hubris influences him to fulfill the oracle and further intensify his punishment from the Gods. Oedipus pride is an essential characteristic throughout the play. Even before Oedipus came into power as the King ofRead More Dramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex Essay3192 Words   |  13 PagesDramatic Irony in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   M. H. Abrams defines dramatic irony as a situation wherein:      Ã¢â‚¬Å"the audience or reader shares with the author knowledge of present or future circumastances of which a character is ignorant; in that situation, the character unknowingly acts in a way we recognize to be grossly inappropriate to the actual circumstances, or expects the opposite of what we know that fate holds in store, or says something that anticipates the actual outcome, butRead MoreHAMLET AND ORESTES10421 Words   |  42 Pagesin Greeh Tragedy, printed in Miss Harrison s Themis; Mr. F. M. Cornford s book on the Origin of Attic Comedy; and a course of lectures given at Oxford by Miss Spens of Lady Margaret Hall and in the presence of listeners, : on The Scapegoat in Tragedy, which I hope to see published next year. I am not proposing to-night to argue in favour of the theories propounded any of these in treatises. I am rather con- sidering, in one salient instance, a large question

Nursing Practice Act Free Essays

string(80) " nurse until a person is capable of safely engaging in the practice of nursing\." Nursing Practice Act Being a former nursing student in the state of Pennsylvania I have had the Nursing Practice Act of Pennsylvania. Before this assignment I knew little of the Pennsylvania laws and absolutely none of the state of Florida. Every state has their set of laws, which is referred to the Nursing Practice Act. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Practice Act or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every nursing student must have a copy. The nursing practice act ensures that anyone practicing does not fall below the minimum competency and does not present danger to the public, and anyone who does will be prohibited from practicing (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. ). Nurses have a legal liability to advocate for patients, and provide safe administration of medications, and provide quality, nursing care to patients without negligence. With this paper I will explain nursing practice, continuing education and it’s requirements, as well as the composition and responsibilities of the state board of nursing. Nursing practice means the performance of those acts requiring substantial specialized knowledge, judgment, and nursing skill based upon applied principles of psychological, biological, physical, and social sciences (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. ). That may sum up nursing but nurses do a lot more. Nurses have a legal liability to advocate for patients, and provide safe admini stration of medications, and provide quality, nursing care to patients without negligence. They educate the ill, injured, and infirmed. Promote wellness, maintenance of health, and prevention of illness of others. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. 7). â€Å"Advanced or specialized nursing practice† means, in addition to the practice of professional nursing, the performance of advanced-level nursing acts approved by the board. Which by virtue of post-basic specialized education, training, and experience are appropriately performed by an advanced registered nurse practitioner. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. 7). Being a Nurse Practitioner is the closest form of nursing to a doctor. They may perform acts of medical diagnosis and treatment, are able to write prescription, and when approved by the joint committee they can preform an operation. The committee consists of two advanced registered nurse practitioners; three members appointed by the board of medicine, and the State Surgeon general of the department or the State Surgeon General’s designee. All of the acts stated above must be performed under the general supervision of a licensed practitioner (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. 7).. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, p. 7). Once you finally graduate from the nursing program (yay! ) you must take further steps in order to be able to practice. First you need to apply to the department to take your Nclexx. There is an application fee which does not exceed $150. 00, an examination fee set by the board which does not exceed $75. 00, and finally the actual per applicant cost to the department for purchase of the exam from the National Council of State Boards of Nursing. Next you will have to provide sufficient information on or after October 1, 1989, which must be submitted by the department for a statewide criminal records correspondence check through the Department of Law Enforcement. You must be in good mental and physical health, is a recipient of a high school diploma or the equivalent, and has completed the requirements for graduation from an approved program, or its equivalent as determined by the board, for the preparation of registered nurses or licensed practical nurses, whichever is applicable. Courses successfully completed in a professional nursing program, which are at least equivalent to a practical nursing program, may be used to satisfy the education requirements for licensure as a licensed practical nurse. You have be able to communicate in the English language, which may be determined by an examination given by the department. Finally, Each applicant who passes the examination and provides proof of meeting the educational requirements specified in subsection shall, unless denied pursuant to s. 64. 018, be entitled to licensure as a registered professional nurse or a licensed practical nurse, whichever is applicable. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 9). In any field of work there is a code of conduct. If you choose to stray away from the rules it can lead to disciplinary action; denial, suspension, or even revocation of a license. A thing we are seeing a lot of any more is sexual misconduct in the work place. Nurse-patient relationship is founded on mutual trust. Sexual misconduct in the practice of nursing means violation of the nurse-patient relationship through which the nurse uses said relationship to induce or attempt to induce the patient to engage, or to engage or attempt to engage the patient, in sexual activity outside the scope of the practice or the scope of generally accepted examination or treatment of the patient. Sexual misconduct in the practice of nursing is prohibited. The following acts constitute grounds for denial of a license or disciplinary action, as specified in s. 56. 072(2):? Making or filing false reports or records; false, misleading, or deceptive advertising; unprofessional conduct; Engaging or attempting to engage in the possession sale or distribution of controlled substances set forth in chapter 893; Being irresponsible and unable to practice without reasonable skill and safety to patients due to illness or use of alcohol, drugs, narcotics, or chemicals, or any other type of material as a result of any mental or physical condition. Failing to report to the department anyone who the licensee knows is in violation of this part or to the rules of the department or the board, violating while being aware of any provision of the board or the departments or lawful order of the board, or failing to comply with a lawfully issued subpoena of the departments. Failing to report any licensee who the nurse knows has violated the grounds for disciplinary action, failing to meet the standards for acceptable and prevailing nursing practice. The board may deny licensure against any applicant or licensee who is found guilty of violating any provision of subsection 1. The board will not reinstate the license of a nurse until a person is capable of safely engaging in the practice of nursing. You read "Nursing Practice Act" in category "Essay examples" The board shall not reinstate the license of a nurse who has been found guilty by the board on three separate occasions of violations. The board shall by rule establish guidelines for the disposition of disciplinary cases involving specific types of violations. Such guidelines may include minimum and maximum fines, periods of supervision or probation, or conditions of probation or reissuance of a license. Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 14-15). The one thing I love about nursing is all of the advancements and the almost endless continuing education. Continuing education is defined as planned offerings designed to enhance learning and promote the continued development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes consistent with contemporary standards for nursing practice. It is also important for nurses to be up t o date with all of with all of the advancements in the medical field with technology and all of the new medicine the keeps coming out. Each licensed nurse, upon request, has to submit proof satisfactory to the Board of participation in appropriate continuing education. During each two years one contact hour must be earned for each calendar month of the licensure cycle. Any person licensed by examination within a two year period are exempt from the continuing education requirement for those two years; however, this exemption or limitation if you will, will only apply if the license is renewed in a timely manner at the end of the two years and does not apply if the license is suspended, revoked or is inactive at the end of the two years. Any nurse who is also licensed as a practical nurse may satisfy the continuing education requirements for renewal of both licenses by completing appropriate continuing education for a registered nurse. A license is also exempt from continuing education requirements at the time of renewal if the licensee was on active duty with the Armed Forces within six months of the renewal date. However, short periods of duty such as summer of weekend drills do not count. Duty in the U. S. Public Health Service is not considered duty in the Armed Forces. A nurse who is married to a member of the Armed Forces and was caused to be absent from Florida due to the spouses duties can be exempt from continuing education. The licensee must show satisfactory proof of the absence and the spouse’s military states (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 60). The licensee must show satisfactory proof of the absence and the spouse’s military states (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 60). The content of the education shall be specifically designed to meet the objectives and the stated level and learning needs of the participants. The education should reflect the professional educational needs for the learner in order to meet the health care needs of the consumer. All of the offering contact hours will be at least 50 minutes in length or one contact hour. The hours will be awarded for clinical as well as classroom education (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 62). Besides the basic nurse professional continuing education, there are specific areas a nurse is required to have continuing education in such as HIV/AIDS, Domestic Violence, Medical Errors, and End of life (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 65-66). Every nursing school has their own requirements. For instance some use the TEAS entrance exam while others use the NET test or HESI. The nursing program shall have a written plan for the systematic evaluation of the total program and its outcomes for the purpose of determining competency, adequacy and effectiveness. The parent institution has to provide financial and administrative support and resources to the nursing program such as classroom space, labs, and office space. The faculty-student ratio shall be at a maximum ratio of 1:12 in community-based learning experience setting. The nursing program shall admit students to the program based upon the number of faculty, available educational facilities and resources, and the availability of clinical learning experiences for the student. It shall provide written policies for admission, readmission, transfer, advanced placement, promotion, graduation, withdrawal, or dismissal to the student shall be consistent with those for students in the parent institution and acceptable educational standards. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 39). The Board of Nursing is created within the department and shall consist of 13 members to be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate. Seven members of the board must be registered nurses who are residents of this state and who have been engaged in the practice of professional nursing for at least 4 years, including at least one advanced registered nurse practitioner, one nurse educator member of an approved program, and one nurse executive. These seven board members should be representative of the diverse areas of practice within the nursing profession. In addition, three members of the board must be licensed practical nurses who are residents of this state and who have been actively engaged in the practice of practical nursing for at least 4 years prior to their appointment. The remaining three members must be residents of the state who have never been licensed as nurses and who are in no way connected with the practice of nursing. No person may be appointed as a lay member who is in any way connected with, or has any financial interest in, any health care facility, agency, or insurer. At least one member of the board must be 60 years of age or older. As the terms of the members expire, the Governor shall appoint successors for terms of 4 years, and such members shall serve until their successors are appointed. (Nurse Practice Act, 2007, P. 9). Throughout this paper I have learned so much more than I had expected. The Nursing Practice Act is so important in so many ways. You have to work hard and maintain that hard work throughout a nursing career. Myself as well as the rest of the nursing students will use this book not as coffee table decoration but as a guide for our journey of becoming nurses. Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, it requires as exclusive a devotion, as hard a preparation, as any painter’s or sculptor’s work: for what is the having to do with dead canvas or cold marble, compared with having to do with the living spirit—the temple of God’s spirit? It is one of the Fine Arts; I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. † (Nightingale) Reference Page Nurse Practice Act, F. S. 456 (2007) How to cite Nursing Practice Act, Essay examples

Sir Arthur Conan Doyles stories Essay Example For Students

Sir Arthur Conan Doyles stories Essay Sir Arthur Conan Doyles stories about the fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes have been popular since they first appeared in 1886. Explore the reasons behind this enduring popularity. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle produced a detective in Sherlock Holmes who was perfect in almost every way. His stories have become known across the globe since they first appeared in 1887 with A Study in Scarlet which was published in Beetons Christmas Annual. \i \i0 Despite the changing times Sherlock Holmes has survived and is as popular today as it was then. There are many reasons for this enduring popularity; I am going to explore just a few. \par In the nineteenth century there was a crisis in religious faith when Charles Darwin came up with the idea that humans evolved from a lesser species, the apes. This frightened many people who had been very religious throughout their lives. The idea undermined the whole religious background and challenged peoples faith in God. This left a place like London in turmoil, people did not know what to do or who to believe. Conan Doyle refers to it as a Dense swarm of humanity. With London being such an\i \i0 uncontrollable place at the time, many people turned to Sherlock Holmes stories as a person who could restore order to this place which had no order. This contributed at the time and nowadays to his popularity in an enormous way. \par In Victorian times people became very intrigued by the new science of psyco-analysis which was then practised by Sigmund Freud. This was coincidently one of Sherlock Holmes many characteristics. Holmes was a bit like Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. On one side there was a very respectable west-end bachelor of high intelligence and a refined taste, he is a perfect gentleman. There is an example of this in, The Speckled Bands when he is speaking to Helen Stoner, he refers to her as madam and then invites her to draw up to the fire and have a hot cup of coffee. However, Holmes only this one side to him then that would to unbelievable and the majority of people wouldnt accept him. He does flirt with the dark side every now and again like he does in The Man With the Twisted Lip. Here, he is found in an opium den by Watson: And there sitting by the fire was none other than Sherlock Holmes. He is disguised as an old opium addict and he is very deceptive as he tricked Watson. Holmes states that he is not an opium addict but reveals to the reader that he has cocaine injections on p. 189, You imagine that I have added opium smoking to my cucaine injections. This shows that this is what he expects Watson to think as he knows him so well. This flaw tells you that Sherlock Holmes is human and that he is not perfect. This lets the reader relate to him.

The Amount of Time a Cell Spends in Each Stage of Mitosis free essay sample

The purpose of this lab was to calculate the amount of time that was spent by a cell in each of the phases of mitosis. Also, it is used to be able to compare the process of mitosis between plant and animal cells. Background: †¢Mitosis: This is the process by which a cell duplicates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus in order to generate two identical daughter nuclei. †¢Interphase: This particular stage is divided into three phases, G1 (first gap), S (synthesis), and G2 (second gap). During all three phases, the cell grows by producing proteins and other organelles within the cytoplasm. However, chromosomes are replicated only during the S phase. In all, a cell grows (G1), continues to grow as it duplicates its chromosomes (S), grows more and prepares for mitosis (G2), and divides (M). †¢Prophase: By this point, all the genetic information in the nucleus of the cell is in a loose coil called a chromatin. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amount of Time a Cell Spends in Each Stage of Mitosis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the start of prophase, chromatin condenses together into a highly ordered structure called a chromosome. †¢Metaphase: At this stage, the centromeres of the chromosomes align evenly along the metaphase plate in which they prepare to separate. This even alignment is due to the counterbalance of the pulling powers generated by the opposing kinetochores; kind of like tug-of-war between humans †¢Anaphase: Two events occur during this vital stage in mitosis. First, the proteins that bind sister chromatids together are cleaved, allowing them to separate. These sister chromatids turned sister chromosomes are pulled apart by shortening kinetochore microtubules and toward the centrosomes to which they are attached. Next, the nonkinetochore microtubules elongate, pushing the centrosomes apart to opposite ends of the cell. Telophase: In this final stage of Mitosis, the sister chromosomes attach at opposite ends of the cell. A new nuclear envelope, using fragments of the parent cells nuclear membrane, forms around each set of separated sister chromosomes. Both sets of chromosomes (which are now surrounded by new nuclei) unfold back into chromatin. Mitosis is complete, but cell division is not yet complete. †¢Cytokinesis: Th is is the very last process in the mitotic cycle. It occurs at the very end of telophase because that’s when the actual cell division occurs (pinching in). In animal cells, the formation of the cleavage furrow is what causes them to divide. In plant cells, the cell plate is formed in order to create the final division. Hypothesis: If both plant and animal cells spend more time in interphase, then the amount of time that each cell will spend in the remaining stages of mitosis will decrease. Procedure: Before the actual counting could begin, it was necessary to fully understand what each stage looked like under the microscope. In the first part of the lab, the groups observed prepared slides of plant cells and the whitefish blastula. In order to get a clear understanding of the cell, it was essential to focus it on the center region of the slide because that’s where the majority of the cells were. Like always, one must first focus in on low power and then move on up to high power as the field of vision gets closer to a reasonable viewing point. Once a cluster of cells was located on the microscope, the next step in the lab was to draw what a cell would look like in the various stages of mitosis. Once this part of the lab was complete, it was then time to move on to the counting procedure. This was a very tedious process because it was difficult to keep track of which cell was already accounted for on the data sheet. Basically, once a general vicinity was focused in on the microscope, the tallying would commence. Once a person saw a cell in x (x meaning interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, or telophase), then they would simply put a tally on the data sheet in the appropriate section. In order to get a fair trial in regards to the number of cells in each stage, it was estimated that each group should count about 200-300 cells for each type (plant and animal). Data: Attached is the tally sheet for the procedure of counting Analysis: Questions from lab manual: 1. ) If your observations had not been restricted to the area of the root tip that is actively dividing, how would your results have been different? In the onion root tip, regions other than the apical (or at top of) meristem contain cells that are not actively dividing. These cells are in interphase. In this case, they would represent the majority because cells spend most of their time in interphase anyway. They are elongating, differentiating, and performing their functions for the organism. Mitotic stages would not have been found in these areas. 2. ) Based on the data table, what can you infer about the relative length of time an onion root tip cell spends in each stage of cell division? According to the data table, prophase is the longest stage of mitosis. Even though there were more tallies in the interphase section, interphase is not considered a stage of the mitotic cycle; it is more or less considered a stage in the cell cycle. Telophase is the shortest stage because there were very few cells that showed evidence of them actually being in this stage. Metaphase and anaphase are intermediate stages, with metaphase being longer than anaphase. 3. ) Graphs are attached with key on back Controls- The control in this experiment was very important because if it was not contained, then the data would have been faulty. It was very difficult to keep track and count which cells were doing what under the microscope. For that reason, it was imperative to keep the same person counting during the whole experiment. Everybody is different, so if there would have been numerous people counting, then there would have been different numbers to each of the stages. In order to help the person that was counting, another person could have stood next to them and tallied on the data sheet. This would have prevented the person from counting to have been constantly taking their eyes away from the microscope Constants- One of the unique facts about this experiment was that all the cells were killed at the same time. It was not as if one section of the organism was killed first, and then followed by the remaining. It was necessary to do this because it would provide a still picture of all the cells within the organism and which stage of mitosis they were in. Conclusion: In conclusion, the hypothesis that was made early on in the experiment was proven to be correct. The reason why it was correct was because the more time each cell spent in interphase, the less time it would spend in the other phases of mitosis. According to the data sheet, the plant cell proved to be more efficient because there were hardly any cells in prophase, metaphase, anaphase, or telophase. There were roughly 254 cells that were counted in interphase and the rest barely average over twenty. It was inferred that the hypothesis was correct because of the data from the whitefish cells. In that case, there were roughly 104 cells in interphase and the rest of the stages averaged about 25 cells per stage. If there would have been more whitefish cells to count from, then maybe the data would have closely resembled the results of the plant. The Amount of Time a Cell Spends in Each Stage of Mitosis free essay sample The purpose of this lab was to calculate the amount of time that was spent by a cell in each of the phases of mitosis. Also, it is used to be able to compare the process of mitosis between plant and animal cells. Background: †¢Mitosis: This is the process by which a cell duplicates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus in order to generate two identical daughter nuclei. †¢Interphase: This particular stage is divided into three phases, G1 (first gap), S (synthesis), and G2 (second gap). During all three phases, the cell grows by producing proteins and other organelles within the cytoplasm. However, chromosomes are replicated only during the S phase. In all, a cell grows (G1), continues to grow as it duplicates its chromosomes (S), grows more and prepares for mitosis (G2), and divides (M). †¢Prophase: By this point, all the genetic information in the nucleus of the cell is in a loose coil called a chromatin. We will write a custom essay sample on The Amount of Time a Cell Spends in Each Stage of Mitosis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the start of prophase, chromatin condenses together into a highly ordered structure called a chromosome. †¢Metaphase: At this stage, the centromeres of the chromosomes align evenly along the metaphase plate in which they prepare to separate. This even alignment is due to the counterbalance of the pulling powers generated by the opposing kinetochores; kind of like tug-of-war between humans †¢Anaphase: Two events occur during this vital stage in mitosis. First, the proteins that bind sister chromatids together are cleaved, allowing them to separate. These sister chromatids turned sister chromosomes are pulled apart by shortening kinetochore microtubules and toward the centrosomes to which they are attached. Next, the nonkinetochore microtubules elongate, pushing the centrosomes apart to opposite ends of the cell. Telophase: In this final stage of Mitosis, the sister chromosomes attach at opposite ends of the cell. A new nuclear envelope, using fragments of the parent cells nuclear membrane, forms around each set of separated sister chromosomes. Both sets of chromosomes (which are now surrounded by new nuclei) unfold back into chromatin. Mitosis is complete, but cell division is not yet complete. †¢Cytokinesis: Th is is the very last process in the mitotic cycle. It occurs at the very end of telophase because that’s when the actual cell division occurs (pinching in). In animal cells, the formation of the cleavage furrow is what causes them to divide. In plant cells, the cell plate is formed in order to create the final division. Hypothesis: If both plant and animal cells spend more time in interphase, then the amount of time that each cell will spend in the remaining stages of mitosis will decrease. Procedure: Before the actual counting could begin, it was necessary to fully understand what each stage looked like under the microscope. In the first part of the lab, the groups observed prepared slides of plant cells and the whitefish blastula. In order to get a clear understanding of the cell, it was essential to focus it on the center region of the slide because that’s where the majority of the cells were. Like always, one must first focus in on low power and then move on up to high power as the field of vision gets closer to a reasonable viewing point. Once a cluster of cells was located on the microscope, the next step in the lab was to draw what a cell would look like in the various stages of mitosis. Once this part of the lab was complete, it was then time to move on to the counting procedure. This was a very tedious process because it was difficult to keep track of which cell was already accounted for on the data sheet. Basically, once a general vicinity was focused in on the microscope, the tallying would commence. Once a person saw a cell in x (x meaning interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, or telophase), then they would simply put a tally on the data sheet in the appropriate section. In order to get a fair trial in regards to the number of cells in each stage, it was estimated that each group should count about 200-300 cells for each type (plant and animal). Data: Attached is the tally sheet for the procedure of counting Analysis: Questions from lab manual: 1. ) If your observations had not been restricted to the area of the root tip that is actively dividing, how would your results have been different? In the onion root tip, regions other than the apical (or at top of) meristem contain cells that are not actively dividing. These cells are in interphase. In this case, they would represent the majority because cells spend most of their time in interphase anyway. They are elongating, differentiating, and performing their functions for the organism. Mitotic stages would not have been found in these areas. 2. ) Based on the data table, what can you infer about the relative length of time an onion root tip cell spends in each stage of cell division? According to the data table, prophase is the longest stage of mitosis. Even though there were more tallies in the interphase section, interphase is not considered a stage of the mitotic cycle; it is more or less considered a stage in the cell cycle. Telophase is the shortest stage because there were very few cells that showed evidence of them actually being in this stage. Metaphase and anaphase are intermediate stages, with metaphase being longer than anaphase. 3. ) Graphs are attached with key on back Controls- The control in this experiment was very important because if it was not contained, then the data would have been faulty. It was very difficult to keep track and count which cells were doing what under the microscope. For that reason, it was imperative to keep the same person counting during the whole experiment. Everybody is different, so if there would have been numerous people counting, then there would have been different numbers to each of the stages. In order to help the person that was counting, another person could have stood next to them and tallied on the data sheet. This would have prevented the person from counting to have been constantly taking their eyes away from the microscope Constants- One of the unique facts about this experiment was that all the cells were killed at the same time. It was not as if one section of the organism was killed first, and then followed by the remaining. It was necessary to do this because it would provide a still picture of all the cells within the organism and which stage of mitosis they were in. Conclusion: In conclusion, the hypothesis that was made early on in the experiment was proven to be correct. The reason why it was correct was because the more time each cell spent in interphase, the less time it would spend in the other phases of mitosis. According to the data sheet, the plant cell proved to be more efficient because there were hardly any cells in prophase, metaphase, anaphase, or telophase. There were roughly 254 cells that were counted in interphase and the rest barely average over twenty. It was inferred that the hypothesis was correct because of the data from the whitefish cells. In that case, there were roughly 104 cells in interphase and the rest of the stages averaged about 25 cells per stage. If there would have been more whitefish cells to count from, then maybe the data would have closely resembled the results of the plant.

Film Noir, Vincent Vincendeau essays

Film Noir, Vincent Vincendeau essays The theme of this French article is the French antecedents of film noir. Film noir is a term used to describe the large body of films in America in the period of 1941-58, generally they focus on urban crime and corruption, on sudden episodes of violence in a culture whos fabric seems to be unravelling. They crumble the American dreams most basic promices, of hope prosperity and safety from persecution. Film noir is a term given to films of the 40s and 50s in America by some French film critics translated as black film they were often based on crime fiction. The articles sarcastic title gives an impression of Ginette Vincendeaus appreciation of early French cinema and its links with film noir. In the article he discusses a study conducted by French critics of the mid 50s, Raymond Boyde and Etienne Chaumeton. In their book they dismiss the European influence on American film noir as feeble and the French as especially insignificant. Vincendeau suggests that their analysis is in some respects unarguable because French cinema on the whole is Realist unlike film noirs surreal styles. Visual motifs of dark, low key lighting Vincendeau states a less bias and more thoughrough look at the french cinema of the 1930s reveals strong intertextual links with American film noir, via film makers careers, filmic re-workings and more diffuse cultural references. Major contributors to film noir- Robert Siodmark, Fritz Lang, Billy wilder, Max Ophuls, Jaques Tourner and Chris Bernhardt had seen plenty of French films of the 1930s. They had been sent to France under the Nazi regime and film industry internationalion only ...

Effective team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Effective team - Essay Example communication between members, the team has clear objectives and goals it wants to accomplish; there is positive and open criticism in the team and members feel free to air their concerns during team meetings. Other attributes include there is active participation of members, the team is self-conscious, and finally, the team moves forward when all members are satisfied about a given issue. In effective teams have such attributes as minimal or no communication at all, serious personal differences between the team members, the team has no clear set objectives or goals it want to accomplish, negative criticism, which limits members’ participation, in active members during team meetings, etc. When new members join a team, it is imperative that formal introductions are made before the agenda of the meeting is discussed to enable the new members feel at easy and part of the team. When discussions break-down in a team, it is the duty of the team leader and members collectively to help iron out the differences without taking any sides. Therefore, team leaders and members have a responsibility of ensuring that there is good communication and trust between team members, and as leader, you are enthusiastic, fearless, and charismatic (Cranmer, 2011). However, as a leader you must ensure that demeaning behavior like laziness, complacency, power coalitions, and strong silos are not tolerated in the group if you want to build a strong and effective team. Ultimately, I am a strong team builder, with charismatic attributes, good communication, and interpersonal skills. However, I must state that I like making fun and teasing others, missing some group meetings attributes, which have sometimes landed me in problems with my team members. Therefore, during my end of semester course project, I will ensure that I will maintain the highest discipline, be punctual in all my team

Journal about the text, Shame of the Nation, pages 1-37 Essay

Journal about the text, Shame of the Nation, pages 1-37 - Essay Example are major schools with nearly 99 percent of students being black or Hispanic. His claims are based on his visits to sixty different schools across eleven states. The chapter reveals that apart from racial segregation in urban community public schools, there is also a distinct culture of ensuring that non-white population is repeatedly reminded of their inferior status. The schools lack modern amenities and black children are forced to chant, ‘I can.. I have confidence that I can learn’ (34) thereby implying that do not have the abilities and they can only try. The schools subtly promote discrimination as children are not exposed to the whites on a regular basis. The peer pressure therefore often becomes the major element that dissuades them to compete on equal basis. The blacks seem to have no expectations from a society that still looks down on them. thus, Kozol’s distress is genuine when he says that it is the ‘most destructive and long lasting message a nation possibly could give its children’ (37). America is one the greatest democracy of the world which revels in its diversity. But Kozol has shown that racial discrimination is still prevalent and practiced under the guise of legal jargon. Education is the most important platform that facilitates empowerment of the people, It is especially important for people who have been marginalized for centuries and require the support of knowledge to improve not only their social and economic status but also for competing on intellectual basis with the mainstream population. But education would not be able to play its role if it is imparted within an environment of discrimination. Kozol has shown a distressing front of urban public schools who deliberately emphasize that blacks are not equal to white but have to work towards their betterment not equality. It is also very painful revelation that segregation in schools is open and is being practiced under federal

What Is Catholic Marriage Religion Essay

What Is Catholic Marriage Religion Essay In this chapter I will first attempt a definition of marriage and more specifically Catholic marriage; I will then review existing literature on the topic and present different views about cohabitation, reasons why people get married, expectations about marriage among Maltese individuals, the changes in marital traditions and also the Cana Movement. From the beginning of the second century to the middle of the 20th Century the catholic tradition institution, viewed and modelled marriage as a procreative institution-a stable, social and religious institution in which a man and a woman became husband and wife to procreate children. Their procreative activity, which defined marriage, included not only to the creation of a child but also to the development of motherhood and fatherhood and the fabrication of a functioning adult. Since the parents life expectancy was not long beyond the early adulthood of their children, marriage was therefore easily defined as lifelong. In truth this procreative institution is the result of a contract in which, according to the 1917 Code of Canon Law, each party gives and accepts a perpetual and exclusive right over the body for acts which are of themselves suitable for the generation of children (Canon 1081, 2) (Lawler. M ,2001) The Second Vatican Councils Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World describes marriage as a communion of love (No. 47), an intimate partnership of life and love (No.48). Love between the spouses was declared by the council to be the very essence of marriage. The council underscored its preference for an interpersonal union model by making another important change in the received tradition. Marriage is founded in a conjugal covenant of irrevocable personal consent (No. 48). The legal word contract gives way to the biblical word covenant, a word saturated with overtones of mutual steadiest and personal love, qualities that are now applied to marriage. (Lawler. M ,2001) Adrian Thatcher in his book Marriage after Modernity: Christian Marriage in post modern times describes marriage as a universal institution which theologically speaking is given with creation itself, But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female. 7For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and cleave to his wife; 8And they twain shall be one flesh: so then they are no more twain, but one flesh (Mark 10: 6 8).He explains that marriage is an eminently human love, a love that brings together the human and the divine. Therefore married couples are capable of being simultaneously recipients and mediators of that relational love of God which led to the creation of the world and restored through Christ. The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains marriage as a sacrament of Matrimony in which a man and a woman establish between themselves a partnership of the whole of life, it is by its nature regimented for the good of the spouses and the education and procreation of offspring; this covenant between baptized persons has been raised by Christ the Lord to the solemnity of a sacrament. It is very interesting to note how romantic marriage has only been common in the west for quite a short period of time. In fact according to sociologist Anthony Giddens (1997), modern ideas of romantic marriage had not been common or accepted even as late as the 1500s. On the other hand religious institutions saw marriage as pragmatic solution to unhealthy sexual emotions and not something to be done for affection, romance or satisfaction. Attitudes towards marriage Without any doubt peoples own family life experiences is major influence on their multidimensional development, and hence different people have different views, expectations and reasons for marriage. Ones home is the starting point, for one to learn about marriage, this is because parents continuously teach their children what partnership involves and what its like by following in the footsteps of their parents marital relationship .In fact Toben and Joanne Heim (2000) think that where you come from and your family history lies beneath just about every issue youll face in your entire marriage not just in the first year (p.17). The quality of the ones parents marital relationship and also the quality of attachment to ones parents and siblings is influenced by the adjustment in marital relationships .Azzopardi (2007). The effect of parental conflict and divorce on childrens attitudes toward marriage has been examined by a number of researchers. Some studies have shown that children of divorced parents: do worse than those in intact families in several aspects of their development (Dowling Gorell Barnes, 1999; 2000) are fearful and anxious about their own future marriage (Schwartberg, 1981; Sorosky, 1977) and have a negative view of marriage (Kelly, 1981; Long, 1987). Also Children from broken homes, predominantly daughters, are less interested in marriage (Booth, Brinkerhoff, White,1984) and have low expectations and evaluations of marriage (Long, 1987). On the other hand some research has indicated that it is not parental separation and divorce per se that influence expectations of marriage but it is family integration (Coleman Ganong, 1984). In the study by Kalter (1987), Grych and Fincham (1990), and Markland and Nelson (1993), which involved college students, found that conflict and inter-parental hostility is a key feature influencing young adults expectations of marriage. It was therefore concluded that children who are exposed to such conflicts seem to form pessimistic impressions of marriage. In contradiction Muench and Landrums (1994) research suggest that family dynamics play an important role in expectations of marriage formation. Therefore, even though some peoples expectations of happiness and success in marriage may have been tainted by prior experience (divorced parents), they still strongly desire having a positive marital and family relationship (Jones Nelson, 1996, p.173). Similarly, Coleman and Ganong (1984), and Jones and Nelson (1996) did not find significantly different attitudes towards marriage between low and high conflict background individuals. These different results suggest for the requirement for further research on the subject. The media have also been attributed with the power to influence peoples expectations of marriage. However, there is yet to be evidence for this claim. (Segrin Nabi, 2002, p.247). Vexen Crabtree explains that marriage consists of many parts. The first is the legal contract, which according to him is the bare bones of what a marriage is . Nevertheless at the end of the day it is our cultural expectations that give marriage more meaning than merely a contractual agreement. He further explains that our upbringing including our culture and stereotyped ideas portrayed in the mass media together with society create unconscious ideal roles that we are under pressure into filling. In fact Rev. Rebecca Densen (2001) states: Marriage partners are also bombarded with role expectations and stereotypes of what it means to be a husband and wife. In general these roles are detrimental to the relationship. People simply cannot fit into pre-set moulds (). Healthy relationships on the other hand are entered into and maintained by individuals free and loving ongoing choice. Also it is very important to note how according to the Constitution of Malta in the second article is says that (1) The religion of Malta is the Roman Catholic Apostolic Religion. Therefore one can argue how the laws of ones country reflect and reinforce a citizens perception of an orderly environment and every citizen is bound to abide by them Religious and Traditional Influences Without a doubt religion plays a major role in how a marital relationship is conducted. Although the importance to religion is declining and the Maltese no longer base their life on a singular moral view, religion still plays a major role in the establishment of ideals (Tabone,1994). The 1999 European Values Survey (Abela, 2000) reveals that in spite of the reported secularization (Tabone, 1987) 80% of the Maltese give religion third priority, following the family (first) and work (second). Women generally value religion over work, whereas men give second importance to work, women give priority to religion (Abela, 2000. p.45). Tabone (1994) argues that in spite of traditionalism and institutionalism the church still has a great impact on the individual In fact, almost all Maltese individuals are baptized, and attend catechism, they receive their first Holy Communion, receive confirmation, and generally marry in the Church. Tabone continues that regardless of their faith (p.295). About 75% of all marriages are sacramentalised in church (Archdiocese of Malta, 2003; L-Orizzont, 2004). Consequently Maltas culture, tradition, and social life relation to religious activity may point out how the Maltese may find it hard to separate from the religious familiarity in ones life. Nevertheless, it is quite evident that values could be changing especially amongst the Maltese youth .in one recent survey conducted by the University Chaplaincy in 2009 on the subject of religious practices among University students, 91% claimed to be Catholics. With regards to confession, 36.7% never receive this sacrament. 68% report to attend mass on a regular basis, while 32.4% rarely or never do. With regards to religious beliefs the highest percentages were for belief in God (93.5%), Jesus the Son of God (81.2%), Mary, the mother of God (78.4%), The Holy spirit (75%) The Trinity (74.8%), God the creator of all that exists (74%).A lower amount of participants responded yes, in relation to their belief in Afterlife (68.5 + %), The incarnation of Jesus (67.1%), The Virginity of Mary, the mother of God (65.4 +%), Heaven and Hell (65.4%), The Devil (63.9%). When asked about morality, 62.9% state that Abortion is always morally wrong, 43.8% said that divorce is morally wrong, 14.7% see contraception as morally wrong. 24.0% state that pre-marital sexual intercourse as prohibited and 73.5% approve of premarital cohabitation. Moreover 9.5% wrote that abortion can be carried out in the case of a disabled child, while 56.7% said that divorce should be legalised in Malta and 44.3% have practised sexual intercourse in the past year. Another verification of declining religiosity is the 2006 Sunday Mass Attendance Census (Inguanez, 2006) which revealed an 11% fall in church attendance among the Maltese since 1995. So the question of why one still chooses to marry in the church remains. As cited in a qualitative study carried out by Azzopardi (2007) all the couples saw marrying in the church as an automatic and unquestionable construction. Many influences were seen throughout the interviews including Cultural and extended family influences. They did not reflect on the true understanding of a Catholic marriage and its distinctive requirements. In fact when asked some of the couples stated Im doing it to make him happy or my parents would have thrown me out, Therefore in this study the construction of marrying in the church emerged as one of the tensions between secularism and traditionalism. Most of the participating couples, viewed marrying in the church as a public statement of their commitment as opposed to a sacramental union. Also narratives about the visual and lavish aspects of Maltese weddings sustain the idea. In fact in 2002 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬17.5 million was spent amongst 2240 weddings, bringing the average wedding expenses to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 7900 (L-Orizzont , 2003). On the other hand during the interview many couples admitted that if it was up to them, they would have done nothing of the kind. Cohabitation Marriage is an institution which can join together peoples lives in a wide range of behaviours including those economic and emotional. In many Western cultures, marriage usually leads to the formation of a new household uniting the married couple, with the married couple living together under the same roof, often sharing the same bed, however in some other cultures this is not the tradition, and opt for cohabitation ( Paul, 2006). A cohabiting couple is a co-resident man and woman, living together within a sexual union, without that union having been formalised by a legal marriage , (Gordon, 1995). Cohabitants could be engaged couples, common-law husband and wife, or singles living together in a romantic relationship. As said before at present many individuals are opting for cohabitation as opposed to marriage. One can distinguish between 2 types of cohabitation: pre-nuptial and non- nuptial cohabitation. Pre nuptial refers to people who plan to marry and live together first. The latter refers those who live together but do not intend to marry (Thatcher. A, 2001) There are also those who cohabit out of convenience. A growing amount of literature is focused on how and why partners come to cohabit. According to one study, when asked why they began sharing a household, many people reported that they entered it without much thought (Manning Smock, 2005). Another study found that when asked the same question, mos t reported that they wanted to spend more time together and that it was more convenient than living apart (Rhoades, Stanley, Markman, in press).Some individuals report using cohabitation as a way to test the relationship before marriage, although this type of cohabitation represented only a small minority in one study (Rhoades et al., in press).Many cohabiting individuals report that they plan to marry their current partner (Brown Booth, 1996). The Church of England report, titled Something to celebrate states further reasons for cohabitation, these include reaction to the clear failure of traditional patterns of partner selection, courting, marriage and setting up home, the ability to avoid or delay conception through reliable contraception, the wish to avoid promiscuity, the wish to avoid the possible consequences of being married, such as the cost of a legal divorce or of a grand wedding. Other reasons include peer pressure; saving on rent; or waiting to conclude higher education. (Thatcher A, 2001). Hence I question why people go into all the trouble of getting married in the church when they could easily cohabit without any problems. In reality it is more problematic to marry in the church as opposed to cohabiting or marrying civilly. According the Maltese Marriage Act Chapter 255 ,Catholic marriage means a marriage celebrated in accordance with the norms and formalities of Canon Law or with a dispensation therefrom granted by the competent organ in accordance with Canon Law; In fact the Catholic Church together with the law teaches that for one to marry in the church one of the partners must be a baptized Christian .Both partners do not have to be Catholic in order to be sacramentally married in the Catholic Church, but both must be baptized Christians (and at least one must be a Catholic). Non-Christians cannot receive the sacraments. For a Catholic to marry a non-Catholic Christian, permission is required from his or her bishop. A Catholic can marry an unbaptized person, but such marriages are natural marriages only and not sacramental marriages. The Church, therefore, discourages them and requires a Catholic who wishes to marry an unbaptized person to receive a special dispensation from his or her bishop. Still, if the dispensation is granted, a non-sacramental marriage is valid and can take place inside of a Catholic church Legal prohibitions on marriage between close blood relatives are prohibited by the church. Before 1983, marriages between second cousins were prohibited. Today, second-cousin marriages are allowed, and, under some circumstances, a dispensation can be obtained to allow a first-cousin marriage. However the Church still discourages such marriages. If one of the partners, Catholic or non-Catholic Christian, has been married before, he or she is free to marry only if his or her spouse has died or he or she has obtained a declaration of nullity from the Church. The sheer fact of a divorce is not sufficient to prove the nullity of a marriage. During marriage preparation, you must inform the priest if you have been married before, even in a civil ceremony. They must also be of opposite sex .Marriage, by definition, is a lifelong union between one man and one woman. The Catholic Church does not recognize, even as a civil marriage, a contracted relationship between two men or two women. Finally it is a myth that some Catholics only see the inside of a church when they are carried (at Baptism), married, and buried. But since marriage is a sacrament, and for the sacrament to be properly received the Catholic partners in a marriage must be in good standing with the Church. This not only means normal Church attendance but also avoidance of scandal, for example cohabitation. Furthermore research about married couples has shown that they enjoy a better standard of living than single individuals (Waite Gallagher, 2000; Hirschi, Altobelli Rank, 2003). They also e have better physical and psychological well-being (Schoenborn, 2004; Williams, 2003). Additionally children are most likely to succeed when brought up in a happily married couple. (Amato Booth, 1997; Mc Lahahan Sandefur, 1994; Ford, Goodman Meltzer 2004) The Change in Marriage Values and Traditions In Thatchers (1999) book titled Marriage after Modernity Christian Marriage in postmodern times David Lyon refers to the term modernity to the social order that emerged following Enlightenment. This includes the many changes that occurred from the mid sixteenth century onward in all fields. As a result of all the changes based on science, economy, democracy or law, modernity is continuously questioning all the conventional ways of doing things. As a result he explains that it unsettles the self; if identity is given in traditional society, in modernity it is constructed. Without any doubt marriage is entangled in the changes signified by the transition from modernity to post modernity as it is a historical and social institution. Peter Hodgson states that although modernity has given us many gains such as rationality, freedom, dialogue, human rights, subjectivity etc Its has also resulted in a series of crises including cognitive, historical, political, socioeconomic, religious, economic, sex and gender. In fact : The sexual revolution has exposed the repression deeply ingrained in Western culture and Christianity, but it has also led to a great deal of freedom of sexual practice beginning in adolescence, much of it destructive, and it has rendered problematic all of the established sexual institutions, including the nuclear family and marriagethere is also a gender crisis the beginning of the ending of patriarchy as a way of organizing male- female relations and distributing social power. To add on undoubtedly marriage is one of the established sexual institutions which have been affected by the crises of modernity. The sexual crisis unmasks the linkage of religious beliefs with sexual repression and calls into question the authority of scripture on issues vital to human sexuality, while the gender crisis is disrupting long established ways of imagining divine power and presence, namely in androcentric and patriarchal terms (Hodgson, Winds of the Spirit p. 62). Consequently Hodgson believes that the above mentioned crises resulting from modernity have led to the absence of God in postmodern consciousness. According to Franà §oise Zonabend, a French anthropologist, the instability of the marriage institution is due to the increasing number polygamous marriages between women, The  divorces and remarriages, the free unions and the common law marriages which are on the increase in Western societies, also point to the vulnerability of the institution and show above all that the functions that have been ascribed to marriage-the transfer of goods, the sexual division of labour, the solidarity between the relations, rearing of children-cannot be the consequence of any natural imperative. Therefore we can only call for a rethinking of the universality and durability of marriage. In an article by Don S Browning titled Christian Ethics and the Family debate: An Overview it is stated that there are many different reasons for these crisiss that are happening in todays Western Society. He explains how many Conservatives, neo-conservatives, and some neo-liberals highlight the importance of cultural values; they claim that values have changes and largely for the worse. As an example Neo-liberals for instance David Popenoe and Robert Bellah, and also historians like Edward Shorter and Lawrence Stone, place emphasis on the rise of Enlightenment individualism. Conservatives such as James Dobson claim modern society is more immoral and does not respect marital, family, and parental commitments as before. Moreover demographers such as Ron Lesthaege and Larry Bumpass talk about individualism to explain the escalating family fragmentation. Additionally deteriorating economic conditions and decreased welfare support for the family crises are blamed by many Marxist, liberal, progressive, and many liberal-feminists. Max Weber, Alan Wolfe and Jà ¼rgen Habermas stress the spread of technical reason as the causative factor. They explain how technical reason can mean two different things: one being market logistics enter the private lives of families and as a consequence replace family loyalties with an ethical-egoist and cost-benefit mentality. The other reason can be stated in bureaucracies which take over family functions and as a result make them dependent client populations. The Economy also plays a role in this change. In fact economists Diane Reglis and Victor Fuchs describe how during the 1980s and 90s economy has been declining and this shift has influenced families negatively. Accordingly many social changes are caused because of these economic changes like Legal changes: the legal recognition of domestic partnerships, divorce and the trend toward the deinstitutionalization of the family which all account to the shift in family values. One can also mention Psychological factors. In fact Frances Goldscheider and Linda Waite, state that the family crisis results from the fact that mens commitment to housework and child care has not been in line with womens opening into the salary economy. Evolutionary psychologists go on to reveal how evolutionary forces have created uneven reproductive strategies between males and females. They point out that males of most mammalian species procreate as widely as possible with a range of females however do not become concerned in the care of their offspring. The Cana Movement The Church organizes marriage preparation course with the hope of increasing Catholic values among Maltese families. Courting couples preparing for marriage attend the compulsory marriage preparation course as indicated by the Church. The course aims to help couples in their preparation for the sacrament of marriage to arrive at a better evaluation of their relationship and their commitment to each other, and to a Christian marriage. It consists of eight group sessions addressing eight different topics from a Christian perspective. The courses are organized through one of its voluntary Organizations, the Cana Movement, which was set up to promote Catholic family life among the Maltese. For my study I chose people participating in this course as they without doubt intend to marry in the Catholic Church. Marriage education is widely practiced within the Catholic communities. In Malta the marriage preparation course is a compulsory step for those choosing to marry in the Church. One of the courses aims is the teaching of a realistic framework of marriage with the hope of reducing unrealistic expectations in various areas of married life. However, the multi-vocal bombardment of ideals from tradition, culture, and media might impede the courses from having the desired effect. On a much larger scale, Stanley et al. (2006) carried out a representative survey across four American states and found participation in premarital courses to be associated with lower levels of conflict, higher satisfaction and commitment in marriage, and reduced the chance of divorce. It is suggested that participation in premarital education such as the Cana movement generally benefits couple relationships over time.

Essay --

Andrea Beverly Professor McClendon ENGL 1301.A002 17 March 2014 Cause and Effect of Human Trafficking: Sexual Exploitation Cause and Effect Essay On the news and all over the world you hear the term human trafficking. What exactly is human trafficking? â€Å"Human trafficking is essentially modern-day slave trading, which ensnares millions of people in debt bondage or forced conditions.† (Siddharth).As many know today human trafficking has become a phenomenon all over the country. Human Trafficking is a global activity where women and young girls are being traded and used as sexual exploitation. As Siddharth stated that human trafficking is slowly becoming one of the most involved criminal activities all over the world. Two causes and two effects on how strongly our human beings are encouraged to take action. One cause of human trafficking is vulnerability of grieved criminals.(cite). Most grieving criminals are vulnerable, because of their living conditions. When they see how easy it is to be a trafficker makes this issue much more horrifying for women and young girls to be manipulated...

The Contribution of Religion to Societies and Cultures in the 20th Century.

â€Å"Religion which does not have an impact on culture is a toothless tiger. † This quote exemplifies the idea that if religion did not impact an individual, it would have the same effect of a ferocious tiger not being able to exert its force. From the Latin religio (the respect for what is sacred) and religare (to bind, in the sense of an obligation), the word religion is an organised collection of belief and practice systems, focusing on what people determine to be sacred or spiritual.Throughout history and societies across the world, religious leaders have used sacred narratives, symbols and traditions in an attempt to give more meaning to life and to gain wisdom through the understanding of the universe. In every known culture throughout centuries, a form of religion is found, practiced either within a public manner within a group, or in a private sanction. The practice of religion can be found through different practices such as feasts and festivals, God or gods, music a nd art, meditation or initiation, sacrifice or service, and other aspects of culture.A Study on Religion and the Role of It on People and Media†¦.In order to gain insight of its contributions within cultures and society, it is important to look at this question with a sociological perspective. While a majority of people believe religion to be an individual process, as peoples beliefs are highly personal, religion is also considered to be a social institution. Social scientists recognise that religion exists as an organised and integrated set of beliefs and behaviours centred on basic social needs and values. Thus, religion is a cultural universal found in all social groups.The definition of a society is a community of people living in a particular region and having shared customs, laws, and organizations. Living within a societal range, we are accustomed to accept or reject the ideas of religion in which society develops and displays. When considering the impact of religion on a society this can have both a positive or negative impact. â€Å"Religious communities live by analogy: they see connections between God and humanity, between the spiritual and the material, and between the human persons who form the wider community.They value relationships and context and harmonious order. † Archbishop Thomas Collins. Religion discusses the extremely debatable questions such as ‘the meaning of life’. This leads into deeper questions such as â€Å"Who am I? Is there life after death? Is there a God? † Although these questions may seem impossible to answer, for individuals it brings a sense of comfort and belonging in search for those answers. It brings an individual self-worth and happiness, and the feeling of something to live for.This is one of the main reasons people decide to follow a certain religion – to bring them self-pleasure and to do right by their religion, therefore contributing positively to society. The overall contr ibution of religion is about beauty. In literature, architecture, painting, sculpture and even film we discover the exhilarating and inexhaustible depth of beauty in life. Under the topic of beauty, religion enters subtopics that emphasizes the giftedness of beauty, promotes beauty to enhance human flourishing, and encourages the response of awe and gratitude.The Bible is still considered one of the greatest works of literature of all time. This sacred text is universal, having the ability to reach out to an international audience. The Bible has the ability to build a community as cultures find these stories relatable. Also, the beauty in architecture found in places of worship is outstanding. This shows that the religious imagination recognises the ferment in the community before the beauty of such structures, such as the Sistine Chapel, attracting thousands of tourists daily to admire the beauty.Another major contribution of religion to society is the promotion of justice through the pursuit of common good. International figures such as Ghandi, Martin Luther King, Dorothy Day, and Nelson Mandela are stellar representatives of religion who helped change oppressive social, economic and political systems – benefiting not only there society, but cultures around the world. Although religion can impact society in an extremely positive aspect, it can also be used as a manipulative tool for its promotion.It can encourage violence when religious believers are convinced that their views are being challenged, leading to an outbreak in wars. A recent example was associated with Islamic Terrorists being linked to sporadic violence in Uzbekistan. A man of god, Ulugbek Kodirov, entered the USA with the plan of assassinating Obama as he ‘knew this was what he was supposed to do for Islam’. He stated he was acting at the direction of an Islamic terror group in his home country. When analysing this situation, the manipulative ability that eligion can empow er over an individual is drastic. If it has the power to impact the individual, obviously the society will become involved. Geographically small cultures within Iran/Iraq can be hugely influenced by religion, as their cultures would focus on the main foundations that it provides. Another example of this is the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), a militant movement which was operating in northern Uganda, South Sudan and entered the Central African Republic.The group’s main source of ideology is Christian fundamentalism; however, these followers under the group leader Joseph Kony (who proclaims himself as the spokesman for God) have been accused of widespread human rights violations, including murder, mutilation, child-sex slavery and abductions. This is a clear example of where the contribution of religion negatively impacts a culture – as a small society is more susceptible in acting for these violent crimes, as their knowledge of the outside world is censored. The f act that religion in these types of societies is monitored, doesn’t allow the individual to practice by oneself.Sacred texts are edited to suit the religious dictators views, punishments are ensured when one does worship correctly, and it is very rare for the ability of individuals to privately worship their personal beliefs. â€Å"There are those that advocate that the voice of religion be silenced, or at least relegated to the purely private sphere. There are those who argue that the public celebration of festivals such as Christmas should be discouraged. These are worrying signs of a failure to appreciate not only the rights of believers to freedom of conscience and freedom of religion, but also the legitimate role of religion in the public square. Pope Benedict XVI In conclusion, religion is the backbone to our society. Although it has the capacity to negatively impact cultures, it also has the ability to share insight into the future generation religious leaders. Many r eligions send across the same message, having the same values and methods of worshipping. When these values are taken on board, it can provide positivity in different cultures, giving individuals renewed hope and a positive outlook on life.